Effect of Excess and Loss of Water on Water Balance

Effect of Excess Water intake on Water Balance in the Body

If two liters of water are taken, the water is distributed rapidly throughout the body.  The kidney responds to the increased water intake after about 15-30 minutes.  The flow of urine rises from the normal value 50 ml per hour to its peak of 1500 ml per hour.  The extra water is excreted by the kidney within three hours.  The excess urine output may be almost equal to the water ingested. In tropical climate, a greater part of the ingested water is lost in the sweat.

Effects of Water Deprivation/Loss on Water Balance

Water is being constantly lost from the human body in the form of urine, sweat, faeces and expired air.  If corresponding amounts of water are not ingested, water depletion occurs in the body leading to change in the body fluids.  A reduction in volume of the extra cellular fluid and intracellular fluid takes place.  The urine output is reduced.  There is a rapid decrease in body weight and a state of dehydration of the cells occurs.  After a few days, a decrease in plasma volume occurs which will reduce cardiac output and lead to circulatory failure.  An adult who has lost 5-10 liters of water from the body will be seriously ill and death will occur when the water loss from the body is about 15 liters.

Body Water Balance, Intake and Outlet/loss of Body Water.?

How to reduce over weight? Preventions while reducing weight?

Treatment/ How to reduce over weight/Obesity?

Since obesity is caused by excess calorie intake and lack of exercise, the main principles involved in the treatment are:

• Reduced Calorie intake, and
• Increased Physical Activity

Reduced diet:

The aim of reducing calorie intake is to produce a calorie deficiency in the body which will result in utilization of fat stored in the adipose tissue to meet the calorie needs.  A reducing diet should normally provide only about half the daily calorie requirements.  Reducing diets at varying costs for adults providing 1100 and 1300 K calories are given.

Increase Exercise:

Moderate exercise helps to burn up more energy and prevent increase in body weight in normal persons consuming diets just adequate in calories.  For example, walking three miles a day will require 300 K calories.

Weight maintenance diets:

The composition of weight maintenance diets for adults at varying costs providing 1500 and 1800 K calories is given.  Consumption of these diets by adults will help to maintain the body weight at constant level.

Prevention for Obesity

Prevention of obesity is by avoidance of eating frequent and excessive foods which contains rich in high calories such as sweets, nuts, and fried foods.

By doing moderate exercise you can prevent from obesity.

You should maintain body weight by consuming normal level of calorie.

Nutrition education for mothers as well as children helps to prevent from incidence of obesity.

What is Obesity and What are the Factors Contributing to Obesity?

How is Obesity Measured and Problem caused due to Obesity?